Reservation Era Begins 1850-1878

1862

Massacre of Mescalero Apache at Gallinas Springs (New Mexico)

Apache bowman, waiting for an ambush. Image: The Gray and the Red: Fighting Apaches in Confederate Arizona
Apache bowman, waiting for an ambush. Image: The Gray and the Red: Fighting Apaches in Confederate Arizona

U.S. soldiers shoot and kill an elder Mescalero leader who approached them with a sign for peace. The soldiers attack and kill 11 other Mescalero (“List of Indian massacres”).

Traumatic Event